Nền tảng Android 14 có các thay đổi về hành vi có thể ảnh hưởng đến ứng dụng của bạn. Những thay đổi về hành vi sau đây áp dụng cho tất cả ứng dụng chạy trên Android 14, bất kể targetSdkVersion. Bạn nên kiểm thử ứng dụng rồi sửa đổi để hỗ trợ những thay đổi này cho phù hợp (nếu cần).
Ngoài ra, hãy nhớ tham khảo danh sách thay đổi về hành vi chỉ ảnh hưởng đến những ứng dụng nhắm đến Android 14.
Chức năng cốt lõi
Theo mặc định, tính năng lên lịch chuông báo chính xác bị từ chối
Exact alarms are meant for user-intentioned notifications, or for actions that
need to happen at a precise time. Starting in Android 14, the
SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM
permission is no longer being pre-granted to most newly installed apps
targeting Android 13 and higher—the permission is denied by default.
Learn more about the changes to the permission for scheduling exact alarms.
Tin truyền đã đăng ký theo bối cảnh được đưa vào hàng đợi trong khi ứng dụng được lưu vào bộ nhớ đệm
On Android 14, the system can place context-registered broadcasts in a queue while the app is in the cached state. This is similar to the queuing behavior that Android 12 (API level 31) introduced for async binder transactions. Manifest-declared broadcasts aren't queued, and apps are removed from the cached state for broadcast delivery.
When the app leaves the cached state, such as returning to the foreground, the system delivers any queued broadcasts. Multiple instances of certain broadcasts might be merged into one broadcast. Depending on other factors, such as system health, apps might be removed from the cached state, and any previously queued broadcasts are delivered.
Ứng dụng chỉ có thể loại bỏ các quy trình của riêng mình ở chế độ nền
Starting in Android 14, when your app calls killBackgroundProcesses(),
the API can kill only the background processes of your own app.
If you pass in the package name of another app, this method has no effect on that app's background processes, and the following message appears in Logcat:
Invalid packageName: com.example.anotherapp
Your app shouldn't use the killBackgroundProcesses() API or otherwise attempt
to influence the process lifecycle of other apps, even on older OS versions.
Android is designed to keep cached apps in the background and kill them
automatically when the system needs memory. If your app kills other apps
unnecessarily, it can reduce system performance and increase battery consumption
by requiring full restarts of those apps later, which takes significantly more
resources than resuming an existing cached app.
MTU được đặt thành 517 cho ứng dụng khách GATT đầu tiên yêu cầu MTU
从 Android 14 开始，Android 蓝牙堆栈会更严格地遵循 蓝牙核心规范 5.2 版，并在第一个 GATT 客户端使用 BluetoothGatt#requestMtu(int) API 请求 MTU 时将 BLE ATT MTU 请求设为 517 字节，并忽略该 ACL 连接上的所有后续 MTU 请求。
如需解决此更改并使您的应用更为稳健，请考虑以下选项：
- 您的外围设备应使用外围设备可以容纳的合理值来响应 Android 设备的 MTU 请求。最终协商的值将是 Android 请求的值和远程提供的值（例如
min(517, remoteMtu)）的较小值- 实现此修复程序可能需要更新外围设备的固件
- 或者，您也可以根据外围设备的已知支持值与收到的 MTU 更改值之间的最小值来限制 GATT 特征写入
- 提醒您，应将标头的支持大小减小 5 个字节
- 例如：
arrayMaxLength = min(SUPPORTED_MTU, GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN(517)) - 5
Lý do mới có thể khiến ứng dụng được đặt vào bộ chứa chế độ chờ bị hạn chế
Android 14 introduces a new reason an app can be placed into the restricted standby bucket.
The app's jobs trigger ANR errors multiple times due to onStartJob,
onStopJob, or onBind method timeouts.
(See JobScheduler reinforces callback and network behavior for changes
to onStartJob and onStopJob.)
To track whether or not the app has entered the restricted standby bucket,
we recommend logging with the API UsageStatsManager.getAppStandbyBucket()
on job execution or UsageStatsManager.queryEventsForSelf() on app startup.
mlock giới hạn ở 64 KB
In Android 14 (API level 34) and higher, the platform reduces the maximum memory
that can be locked using mlock() to 64 KB per process. In
previous versions, the limit was 64 MB per process. This restriction
promotes better memory management across apps and the system. To provide more
consistency across devices, Android 14 adds a new CTS test for the
new mlock() limit on compatible devices.
Hệ thống thực thi việc sử dụng tài nguyên của ứng dụng được lưu vào bộ nhớ đệm
By design, an app's process is in a cached state when it's moved to the
background and no other app process components are running. Such an app process
is subject to being killed due to system memory pressure. Any work that
Activity instances perform after the onStop() method has been called and
returned, while in this state, is unreliable and strongly discouraged.
Android 14 introduces consistency and enforcement to this design. Shortly after an app process enters a cached state, background work is disallowed, until a process component re-enters an active state of the lifecycle.
Apps that use typical framework-supported lifecycle APIs – such as
services, JobScheduler, and Jetpack WorkManager – shouldn't be
impacted by these changes.
Trải nghiệm người dùng
Thay đổi về trải nghiệm người dùng đối với thông báo không đóng được
如果您的应用向用户显示不可关闭的前台通知，请注意：Android 14 已更改此行为，允许用户关闭此类通知。
这项变更适用于阻止用户关闭前台的应用
将 Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT 设置为
Notification.Builder#setOngoing(true) 或
NotificationCompat.Builder#setOngoing(true)。FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT 的行为已发生变化，使用户实际上能够关闭此类通知。
在以下情况下，此类通知仍不可关闭：
- 当手机处于锁定状态时
- 如果用户选择全部清除通知操作（有助于防止意外关闭）
此外，这一新行为不适用于以下用例中的通知：
CallStyle条通知- 企业设备政策控制器 (DPC) 和支持软件包
- 媒体通知
- 默认的搜索选择器软件包
Thông tin an toàn dữ liệu được trình bày rõ ràng hơn
To enhance user privacy, Android 14 increases the number of places where the system shows the information you have declared in the Play Console form. Currently, users can view this information in the Data safety section on your app's listing in Google Play.
We encourage you to review your app's location data sharing policies and take a moment to make any applicable updates to your app's Google Play Data safety section.
Learn more in the guide about how data safety information is more visible on Android 14.
Hỗ trợ tiếp cận
Điều chỉnh tỷ lệ phông chữ phi tuyến tính lên đến 200%
Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing low-vision users with additional accessibility options that align with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).
If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then this change probably won't have a high impact on your app. However, you should perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.
Bảo mật
Cấp API mục tiêu tối thiểu có thể cài đặt
从 Android 14 开始，targetSdkVersion 低于 23 的应用无法安装。要求应用满足这些最低目标 API 级别要求有助于提高用户的安全性和隐私性。
恶意软件通常会以较旧的 API 级别为目标平台，以绕过在较新版本 Android 中引入的安全和隐私保护机制。例如，有些恶意软件应用使用 targetSdkVersion 22，以避免受到 Android 6.0 Marshmallow（API 级别 23）在 2015 年引入的运行时权限模型的约束。这项 Android 14 变更使恶意软件更难以规避安全和隐私权方面的改进限制。尝试安装以较低 API 级别为目标平台的应用将导致安装失败，并且 Logcat 中会显示以下消息：
INSTALL_FAILED_DEPRECATED_SDK_VERSION: App package must target at least SDK version 23, but found 7
在升级到 Android 14 的设备上，targetSdkVersion 低于 23 的所有应用都将继续保持安装状态。
如果您需要测试以旧版 API 级别为目标平台的应用，请使用以下 ADB 命令：
adb install --bypass-low-target-sdk-block FILENAME.apk
Tên gói của chủ sở hữu nội dung đa phương tiện có thể bị loại bỏ
The media store supports queries for the OWNER_PACKAGE_NAME column, which
indicates the app that stored a particular media file. Starting in Android
14, this value is redacted unless at least one of the following conditions is
true:
- The app that stored the media file has a package name that is always visible to other apps.
The app that queries the media store requests the
QUERY_ALL_PACKAGESpermission.
Learn more about how Android filters package visibility for privacy purposes.