Présentation des fonctionnalités et des API

Android 14 offre aux développeurs de nouvelles fonctionnalités et API de qualité. Les sections suivantes vous présentent les nouvelles fonctionnalités disponibles pour vos applications et leurs nouvelles API.

Pour obtenir une liste détaillée des API ajoutées, modifiées et supprimées, consultez le rapport de différences des API. Pour en savoir plus sur les API ajoutées, consultez la documentation de référence des API Android. Pour Android 14, recherchez les API ajoutées au niveau d'API 34. Pour savoir dans quels domaines les changements de plate-forme peuvent affecter vos applications, consultez les modifications de comportement d'Android 14 pour les applications ciblant Android 14 et pour toutes les applications.

Internationalisation

Préférences linguistiques par application

Android 14 expands on the per-app language features that were introduced in Android 13 (API level 33) with these additional capabilities:

  • Automatically generate an app's localeConfig: Starting with Android Studio Giraffe Canary 7 and AGP 8.1.0-alpha07, you can configure your app to support per-app language preferences automatically. Based on your project resources, the Android Gradle plugin generates the LocaleConfig file and adds a reference to it in the final manifest file, so you no longer have to create or update the file manually. AGP uses the resources in the res folders of your app modules and any library module dependencies to determine the locales to include in the LocaleConfig file.

  • Dynamic updates for an app's localeConfig: Use the setOverrideLocaleConfig() and getOverrideLocaleConfig() methods in LocaleManager to dynamically update your app's list of supported languages in the device's system settings. Use this flexibility to customize the list of supported languages per region, run A/B experiments, or provide an updated list of locales if your app utilizes server-side pushes for localization.

  • App language visibility for input method editors (IMEs): IMEs can utilize the getApplicationLocales() method to check the language of the current app and match the IME language to that language.

API Grammatical Inflection

3 milliards de personnes parlent des langues genrées : des langues dont les catégories grammaticales, telles que les noms, verbes, adjectifs et prépositions, s'accordent en fonction du genre des personnes et des objets auxquels on s'adresse ou dont on parle. Traditionnellement, de nombreuses langues genrées utilisent le genre grammatical masculin comme genre par défaut ou générique.

S'adresser à une personne en utilisant le mauvais genre grammatical, par exemple s'adresser à une femme en utilisant le genre masculin, peut avoir un impact négatif sur son comportement et son attitude. En revanche, une interface utilisateur dont le langage reflète correctement le genre grammatical de l'utilisateur ou de l'utilisatrice peut améliorer l'engagement et fournir une expérience utilisateur plus personnalisée et naturelle.

Pour vous aider à localiser une UI axée sur l'utilisateur dans une langue genrée, Android 14 introduit l'API Grammatical Inflection, qui permet d'ajouter une prise en charge du genre grammatical sans refactoriser votre application.

Préférences régionales

Regional preferences enable users to personalize temperature units, the first day of the week, and numbering systems. A European living in the United States might prefer temperature units to be in Celsius rather than Fahrenheit and for apps to treat Monday as the beginning of the week instead of the US default of Sunday.

New Android Settings menus for these preferences provide users with a discoverable and centralized location to change app preferences. These preferences also persist through backup and restore. Several APIs and intents—such as getTemperatureUnit and getFirstDayOfWeek— grant your app read access to user preferences, so your app can adjust how it displays information. You can also register a BroadcastReceiver on ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED to handle locale configuration changes when regional preferences change.

To find these settings, open the Settings app and navigate to System > Languages & input > Regional preferences.

Regional preferences screen in Android system settings.
Temperature options for regional preferences in Android system settings.

Accessibilité

Mise à l'échelle non linéaire de la police à 200 %

从 Android 14 开始，系统支持字体放大高达 200%，为弱视用户提供了符合网络内容无障碍指南 (WCAG) 的其他无障碍功能选项。

为防止屏幕上的大文本元素放大放大， 应用非线性缩放曲线。这种放大策略意味着大号文本的放大比例不会与较小的文本相同。非线性字体放大有助于保持不同大小元素之间的比例层次结构，同时缓解高级别线性文本放大存在的问题（例如文本被截断或文本因非常大的显示大小而难以阅读）。

使用非线性字体放大测试应用

在设备的无障碍设置中启用最大字号，以测试应用。

如果您已使用放大像素 (sp) 单位来定义文字大小，那么这些 其他选项和扩缩方面的改进会自动应用到 。不过，您仍应使用 启用字体大小 (200%)，以确保应用采用 且可以适应较大字号，并且不会影响易用性。

要启用 200% 字号，请按以下步骤操作：

  1. 打开“设置”应用，然后依次前往无障碍 > 显示大小和文字。
  2. 在字号选项中，点按加号 (+) 图标，直到启用最大字号设置，如本部分随附的图片所示。

针对文本大小使用放大像素 (sp) 单位

请务必始终以 sp 为单位指定文字大小。当应用使用 sp 单位时，Android 可以应用用户的首选文本大小，并相应地进行缩放。

请勿为内边距使用 sp 单位，也不要假定内边距来定义视图高度：使用非线性字体放大 sp 尺寸可能并不成比例，因此 4sp + 20sp 可能并不等于 24sp。

转换放大像素 (sp) 单位

使用 TypedValue.applyDimension() 从 sp 单位转换为像素，并使用 TypedValue.deriveDimension() 将像素转换为 sp。这些方法会自动应用适当的非线性放大曲线。

避免对公式进行硬编码，使用以下代码 Configuration.fontScale 或 DisplayMetrics.scaledDensity。因为字体缩放 非线性的，则 scaledDensity 字段不再准确。fontScale 字段应仅用于提供信息， 使用单个标量值进行扩缩。

为 lineHeight 使用 sp 单位

始终使用 sp 单位定义 android:lineHeight dp 为 dp，因此行高会随文本一起缩放。否则，如果文本使用 sp，但 lineHeight 使用 dp 或 px，则文本不会缩放，并且看起来很拥挤。TextView 会自动更正 lineHeight，以便实现您的目标 比例会得到保留，但前提是 textSize 和 lineHeight 以 sp 为单位进行定义。

Appareil photo et médias

Ultra HDR pour les images

标准动态范围 (SDR) 与高动态范围 (HDR) 图片质量对比示意图。

Android 14 新增了对高动态范围 (HDR) 图片的支持，可在拍摄照片时保留更多来自传感器的信息，从而实现鲜艳的色彩和更高的对比度。Android 使用 Ultra HDR 格式，该格式与 JPEG 图片完全向后兼容，可让应用与 HDR 图片无缝互操作，并根据需要以标准动态范围 (SDR) 显示这些图片。

当您的应用选择为其 activity 窗口使用 HDR 界面（通过清单条目或通过在运行时调用 Window.setColorMode()）时，框架会自动在界面中以 HDR 格式渲染这些图片。您还可以在受支持的设备上拍摄压缩的 Ultra HDR 静态图片。从传感器中恢复的颜色越多，后期编辑的灵活性就越高。与 Ultra HDR 图片关联的 Gainmap 可用于使用 OpenGL 或 Vulkan 渲染这些图片。

Zoom, mise au point, post-visualisation et plus encore dans les extensions de caméras

Android 14 upgrades and improves camera extensions, allowing apps to handle longer processing times, which enables improved images using compute-intensive algorithms like low-light photography on supported devices. These features give users an even more robust experience when using camera extension capabilities. Examples of these improvements include:

Zoom dans le capteur

Lorsque REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_STREAM_USE_CASE dans CameraCharacteristics contient SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW, votre application peut utiliser des fonctionnalités avancées de capteur pour attribuer à un flux RAW recadré les mêmes pixels que le champ de vision complet à l'aide d'un CaptureRequest avec une cible RAW dont le cas d'utilisation du flux est défini sur CameraMetadata.SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW. En implémentant les commandes de forçage de la requête, la caméra mise à jour permet aux utilisateurs de contrôler le zoom avant même que les autres commandes de la caméra ne soient prêtes.

Audio USB sans perte

Android 14 支持无损音频格式，可通过 USB 有线耳机提供发烧友级体验。您可以查询 USB 设备的首选混音器属性，注册监听器以监听首选混音器属性的更改，以及使用 AudioMixerAttributes 类配置混音器属性。此类表示音频混音器的格式，例如声道掩码、采样率和行为。该类允许直接发送音频，而无需混音、调节音量或处理效果。

Productivité et outils pour les développeurs

Gestionnaire d'identifiants

Android 14 adds Credential Manager as a platform API, with additional support back to Android 4.4 (API level 19) devices through a Jetpack Library using Google Play services. Credential Manager aims to make sign-in easier for users with APIs that retrieve and store credentials with user-configured credential providers. Credential Manager supports multiple sign-in methods, including username and password, passkeys, and federated sign-in solutions (such as Sign-in with Google) in a single API.

Passkeys provide many advantages. For example, passkeys are built on industry standards, can work across different operating systems and browser ecosystems, and can be used with both websites and apps.

For more information, see the Credential Manager and passkeys documentation and the blogpost about Credential Manager and passkeys.

Santé Connect

Health Connect is an on-device repository for user health and fitness data. It allows users to share data between their favorite apps, with a single place to control what data they want to share with these apps.

On devices running Android versions prior to Android 14, Health Connect is available to download as an app on the Google Play store. Starting with Android 14, Health Connect is part of the platform and receives updates through Google Play system updates without requiring a separate download. With this, Health Connect can be updated frequently, and your apps can rely on Health Connect being available on devices running Android 14 or higher. Users can access Health Connect from the Settings in their device, with privacy controls integrated into the system settings.

Users can get started using Health Connect without a separate app download on devices running Android 14 or higher.
Users can control which apps have access to their health and fitness data through system settings.

Health Connect includes several new features in Android 14, such as exercise routes, allowing users to share a route of their workout which can be visualized on a map. A route is defined as a list of locations saved within a window of time, and your app can insert routes into exercise sessions, tying them together. To ensure that users have complete control over this sensitive data, users must allow sharing individual routes with other apps.

For more information, see the Health Connection documentation and the blogpost on What's new in Android Health.

Mises à jour OpenJDK 17

Android 14 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases, including both library updates and Java 17 language support for app and platform developers.

The following features and improvements are included:

  • Updated approximately 300 java.base classes to Java 17 support.
  • Text Blocks, which introduce multi-line string literals to the Java programming language.
  • Pattern Matching for instanceof, which allows an object to be treated as having a specific type in an instanceof without any additional variables.
  • Sealed classes, which allow you restrict which classes and interfaces can extend or implement them.

Thanks to Google Play system updates (Project Mainline), over 600 million devices are enabled to receive the latest Android Runtime (ART) updates that include these changes. This is part of our commitment to give apps a more consistent, secure environment across devices, and to deliver new features and capabilities to users independent of platform releases.

Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Améliorations apportées aux plates-formes de téléchargement d'applications

Android 14 introduces several PackageInstaller APIs that allow app stores to improve their user experience.

Request install approval before downloading

Installing or updating an app might require user approval. For example, when an installer making use of the REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES permission attempts to install a new app. In prior Android versions, app stores can only request user approval after APKs are written to the install session and the session is committed.

Starting with Android 14, the requestUserPreapproval() method lets installers request user approval before committing the install session. This improvement lets an app store defer downloading any APKs until after the installation has been approved by the user. Furthermore, once a user has approved installation, the app store can download and install the app in the background without interrupting the user.

Claim responsibility for future updates

The setRequestUpdateOwnership() method allows an installer to indicate to the system that it intends to be responsible for future updates to an app it is installing. This capability enables update ownership enforcement, meaning that only the update owner is permitted to install automatic updates to the app. Update ownership enforcement helps to ensure that users receive updates only from the expected app store.

Any other installer, including those making use of the INSTALL_PACKAGES permission, must receive explicit user approval in order to install an update. If a user decides to proceed with an update from another source, update ownership is lost.

Update apps at less-disruptive times

App stores typically want to avoid updating an app that is actively in use because this leads to the app's running processes being killed, which potentially interrupts what the user was doing.

Starting with Android 14, the InstallConstraints API gives installers a way to ensure that their app updates happen at an opportune moment. For example, an app store can call the commitSessionAfterInstallConstraintsAreMet() method to make sure that an update is only committed when the user is no longer interacting with the app in question.

Seamlessly install optional splits

With split APKs, features of an app can be delivered in separate APK files, rather than as a monolithic APK. Split APKs allow app stores to optimize the delivery of different app components. For example, app stores might optimize based on the properties of the target device. The PackageInstaller API has supported splits since its introduction in API level 22.

In Android 14, the setDontKillApp() method allows an installer to indicate that the app's running processes shouldn't be killed when new splits are installed. App stores can use this feature to seamlessly install new features of an app while the user is using the app.

Bundles de métadonnées d'application

Starting in Android 14, the Android package installer lets you specify app metadata, such as data safety practices, to include on app store pages such as Google Play.

Détecter quand les utilisateurs prennent des captures d'écran de l'appareil

To create a more standardized experience for detecting screenshots, Android 14 introduces a privacy-preserving screenshot detection API. This API lets apps register callbacks on a per-activity basis. These callbacks are invoked, and the user is notified, when the user takes a screenshot while that activity is visible.

Expérience utilisateur

Actions personnalisées Sharesheet et classement amélioré

Android 14 updates the system sharesheet to support custom app actions and more informative preview results for users.

Add custom actions

With Android 14, your app can add custom actions to the system sharesheet it invokes.

Screenshot of custom actions on the sharesheet.

Improve ranking of Direct Share targets

Android 14 uses more signals from apps to determine the ranking of the direct share targets to provide more helpful results for the user. To provide the most useful signal for ranking, follow the guidance for improving rankings of your Direct Share targets. Communication apps can also report shortcut usage for outgoing and incoming messages.

Direct Share row in the sharesheet, as shown by 1

Prise en charge des animations intégrées et personnalisées pour la prévisualisation du Retour

视频：预测性返回动画

Android 13 在开发者选项背后引入了预测性“返回主屏幕”动画。在已启用开发者选项的受支持应用中使用时，滑回手势会显示动画，表明返回手势会使应用退回到主屏幕。

Android 14 包含针对“预测性返回”的多项改进和新指南：

在此 Android 14 预览版中，所有预测性返回功能都是位于开发者选项背后。请参阅与将您的应用迁移到预测性返回有关的开发者指南，以及与创建自定义应用内转换有关的开发者指南。

Forçages par application des fabricants d'appareils à grand écran

Per-app overrides enable device manufacturers to change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the FORCE_RESIZE_APP override instructs the system to resize the app to fit display dimensions (avoiding size compatibility mode) even if resizeableActivity="false" is set in the app manifest.

Overrides are intended to improve the user experience on large screens.

New manifest properties enable you to disable some device manufacturer overrides for your app.

Forçages par application pour les utilisateurs de grands écrans

Per-app overrides change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE device manufacturer override sets the app aspect ratio to 16:9 regardless of the app's configuration.

Android 14 QPR1 enables users to apply per‑app overrides by means of a new settings menu on large screen devices.

Partager le contenu d'une appli sur l'écran

App screen sharing enables users to share an app window instead of the entire device screen during screen content recording.

With app screen sharing, the status bar, navigation bar, notifications, and other system UI elements are excluded from the shared display. Only the content of the selected app is shared.

App screen sharing improves productivity and privacy by enabling users to run multiple apps but limit content sharing to a single app.

Réponse suggérée optimisée par un LLM dans Gboard sur un Pixel 8 Pro

在搭载 12 月功能分块的 Pixel 8 Pro 设备上，开发者可以在 Gboard 中试用质量更高的智能回复，这些回复由在 Google Tensor 上运行的设备端大语言模型 (LLM) 提供支持。

此功能目前仅在 WhatsApp、Line 和 KakaoTalk 中以美式英语的形式提供给用户进行小范围测试。此功能需要使用 Pixel 8 Pro 设备，并将 Gboard 用作键盘。

如需试用此功能，请先依次前往设置 > 开发者选项 > AiCore 设置 > 启用 Aicore 持久性，启用该功能。

接下来，在受支持的应用中打开对话，即可在 Gboard 的建议栏中看到依托 LLM 的智能回复，以便回复收到的消息。

Gboard 利用设备端 LLM 提供更高质量的智能回复。

Graphiques

Les chemins sont interrogeables et interpolables

Android's Path API is a powerful and flexible mechanism for creating and rendering vector graphics, with the ability to stroke or fill a path, construct a path from line segments or quadratic or cubic curves, perform boolean operations to get even more complex shapes, or all of these simultaneously. One limitation is the ability to find out what is actually in a Path object; the internals of the object are opaque to callers after creation.

To create a Path, you call methods such as moveTo(), lineTo(), and cubicTo() to add path segments. But there has been no way to ask that path what the segments are, so you must retain that information at creation time.

Starting in Android 14, you can query paths to find out what's inside of them. First, you need to get a PathIterator object using the Path.getPathIterator API:

Kotlin

val path = Path().apply {
    moveTo(1.0f, 1.0f)
    lineTo(2.0f, 2.0f)
    close()
}
val pathIterator = path.pathIterator

Java

Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(1.0F, 1.0F);
path.lineTo(2.0F, 2.0F);
path.close();
PathIterator pathIterator = path.getPathIterator();

Next, you can call PathIterator to iterate through the segments one by one, retrieving all of the necessary data for each segment. This example uses PathIterator.Segment objects, which packages up the data for you:

Kotlin

for (segment in pathIterator) {
    println("segment: ${segment.verb}, ${segment.points}")
}

Java

while (pathIterator.hasNext()) {
    PathIterator.Segment segment = pathIterator.next();
    Log.i(LOG_TAG, "segment: " + segment.getVerb() + ", " + segment.getPoints());
}

PathIterator also has a non-allocating version of next() where you can pass in a buffer to hold the point data.

One of the important use cases of querying Path data is interpolation. For example, you might want to animate (or morph) between two different paths. To further simplify that use case, Android 14 also includes the interpolate() method on Path. Assuming the two paths have the same internal structure, the interpolate() method creates a new Path with that interpolated result. This example returns a path whose shape is halfway (a linear interpolation of .5) between path and otherPath:

Kotlin

val interpolatedResult = Path()
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, .5f, interpolatedResult)
}

Java

Path interpolatedResult = new Path();
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, 0.5F, interpolatedResult);
}

The Jetpack graphics-path library enables similar APIs for earlier versions of Android as well.

Mailles personnalisées avec nuanceurs de vertex et de fragments

Android 长期以来一直支持使用自定义着色绘制三角网格，但输入网格格式仅限于一些预定义的属性组合。Android 14 增加了对自定义网格的支持，可将其定义为三角形或三角形条，并且可以选择是否编入索引。这些网格是使用自定义属性、顶点步长、可变以及使用 AGSL 编写的顶点着色器和片段着色器指定的。

顶点着色器定义了位置和颜色等变量，而片段着色器可以选择为像素定义颜色，通常是使用顶点着色器创建的变量。如果片段着色器提供颜色，则系统会使用绘制网格时选择的混合模式将其与当前 Paint 颜色混合。Uniform 可以传递到片段着色器和顶点着色器，以提高灵活性。

Moteur de rendu de tampon matériel pour Canvas

To assist in using Android's Canvas API to draw with hardware acceleration into a HardwareBuffer, Android 14 introduces HardwareBufferRenderer. This API is particularly useful when your use case involves communication with the system compositor through SurfaceControl for low-latency drawing.