行為變更：指定 Android 15 以上版本的應用程式

和先前版本一樣，Android 15 也包含可能會影響應用程式的行為變更。以下行為變更僅適用於指定 Android 15 以上版本的應用程式。如果您的應用程式指定 Android 15 以上版本，建議您視情況修改應用程式，以支援這些行為。

此外，無論應用程式的 targetSdkVersion 為何，請務必查看對所有 Android 15 應用程式有影響的行為變更清單。

核心功能

Android 15 會修改或擴充 Android 系統的各種核心功能。

前景服務異動

We are making the following changes to foreground services with Android 15.

Data sync foreground service timeout behavior

Android 15 introduces a new timeout behavior to dataSync for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) or higher. This behavior also applies to the new mediaProcessing foreground service type.

The system permits an app's dataSync services to run for a total of 6 hours in a 24-hour period, after which the system calls the running service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method (introduced in Android 15). At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). When Service.onTimeout() is called, the service is no longer considered a foreground service. If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), the system throws an internal exception. The exception is logged in Logcat with the following message:

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type dataSync did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

To avoid problems with this behavior change, you can do one or more of the following:

  1. Have your service implement the new Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. When your app receives the callback, make sure to call stopSelf() within a few seconds. (If you don't stop the app right away, the system generates a failure.)
  2. Make sure your app's dataSync services don't run for more than a total of 6 hours in any 24-hour period (unless the user interacts with the app, resetting the timer).
  3. Only start dataSync foreground services as a result of direct user interaction; since your app is in the foreground when the service starts, your service has the full six hours after the app goes to the background.
  4. Instead of using a dataSync foreground service, use an alternative API.

If your app's dataSync foreground services have run for 6 hours in the last 24, you cannot start another dataSync foreground service unless the user has brought your app to the foreground (which resets the timer). If you try to start another dataSync foreground service, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException with an error message like "Time limit already exhausted for foreground service type dataSync".

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable data sync timeouts even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable timeouts, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

You can also adjust the timeout period, to make it easier to test how your app behaves when the limit is reached. To set a new timeout period, run the following adb command:

adb shell device_config put activity_manager data_sync_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

New media processing foreground service type

Android 15 推出了新的前景服務類型 mediaProcessing。此服務類型適合用於轉碼媒體檔案等作業。舉例來說，媒體應用程式可能會下載音訊檔案，需要將其轉換成其他格式後再播放。您可以使用 mediaProcessing 前景服務，確保即使應用程式處於背景執行狀態，轉換也能繼續進行。

系統允許應用程式的 mediaProcessing 服務在 24 小時內執行總共 6 小時，之後系統會呼叫執行中的服務 Service.onTimeout(int, int) 方法 (在 Android 15 中推出)。此時，服務有幾秒的時間可以呼叫 Service.stopSelf()。如果服務未呼叫 Service.stopSelf()，系統會擲回內部例外狀況。例外狀況會記錄在 Logcat 中，並顯示以下訊息：

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type mediaProcessing did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

為避免例外狀況，您可以採取下列其中一種做法：

  1. 請讓服務實作新的 Service.onTimeout(int, int) 方法。應用程式收到回呼時，請務必在幾秒內呼叫 stopSelf()。(如果您沒有立即停止應用程式，系統會產生失敗)。
  2. 請確認應用程式的 mediaProcessing 服務在任何 24 小時內的總執行時間不超過 6 小時 (除非使用者與應用程式互動，重新設定計時器)。
  3. 只有在使用者直接互動時才啟動 mediaProcessing 前景服務；由於您的應用程式在服務啟動後位於前景，因此應用程式進入背景後，您的服務剩下六小時。
  4. 請改用 WorkManager 等其他 API，而非 mediaProcessing 前景服務。

如果應用程式的 mediaProcessing 前景服務在過去 24 小時內已執行 6 小時，您就無法啟動其他 mediaProcessing 前景服務，除非使用者將應用程式移至前景 (這樣會重設計時器)。如果您嘗試啟動其他 mediaProcessing 前景服務，系統會擲回 ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException，並顯示「前景服務類型 mediaProcessing 的時間限制已用盡」等錯誤訊息。

如要進一步瞭解 mediaProcessing 服務類型，請參閱「Android 15 的前景服務類型變更：媒體處理」。

測試

如要測試應用程式的行為，您可以啟用媒體處理逾時，即使應用程式並未以 Android 15 為目標版本 (只要應用程式在 Android 15 裝置上執行)，也能啟用。如要啟用逾時值，請執行下列 adb 指令：

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

您也可以調整逾時期限，方便測試應用程式在達到上限時的行為。如要設定新的逾時期限，請執行下列 adb 指令：

adb shell device_config put activity_manager media_processing_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

Restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services

There are new restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services. BOOT_COMPLETED receivers are not allowed to launch the following types of foreground services:

If a BOOT_COMPLETED receiver tries to launch any of those types of foreground services, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable these new restrictions even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). Run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_BOOT_COMPLETED_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

To send a BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast without restarting the device, run the following adb command:

adb shell am broadcast -a android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED your-package-name

Restrictions on starting foreground services while an app holds the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission

以前，如果应用拥有 SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW 权限，即使应用当前在后台运行，也可以启动前台服务（如免于后台启动限制中所述）。

如果应用以 Android 15 为目标平台，则此豁免范围现在更窄。现在，应用需要具有 SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW 权限，并且还需要有一个可见的叠加窗口。也就是说，应用需要先启动 TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY 窗口，并且该窗口需要处于可见状态，然后您才能启动前台服务。

如果您的应用尝试从后台启动前台服务，但不符合这些新要求（并且没有其他豁免情况），系统会抛出 ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException。

如果您的应用声明了 SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW 权限并从后台启动前台服务，则可能会受到此变更的影响。如果您的应用获得了 ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException，请检查应用的操作顺序，并确保应用在尝试从后台启动前台服务之前已具有有效的叠加层窗口。您可以通过调用 View.getWindowVisibility() 检查叠加层窗口当前是否可见，也可以替换 View.onWindowVisibilityChanged()，以便在可见性发生变化时收到通知。

测试

如需测试应用的行为，您可以启用这些新限制，即使您的应用并未以 Android 15 为目标平台（只要应用在 Android 15 设备上运行）也是如此。如需针对从后台启动前台服务启用这些新限制，请运行以下 adb 命令：

adb shell am compat enable FGS_SAW_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

變更應用程式修改零打擾模式全域狀態的時間

Apps that target Android 15 (API level 35) and higher can no longer change the global state or policy of Do Not Disturb (DND) on a device (either by modifying user settings, or turning off DND mode). Instead, apps must contribute an AutomaticZenRule, which the system combines into a global policy with the existing most-restrictive-policy-wins scheme. Calls to existing APIs that previously affected global state (setInterruptionFilter, setNotificationPolicy) result in the creation or update of an implicit AutomaticZenRule, which is toggled on and off depending on the call-cycle of those API calls.

Note that this change only affects observable behavior if the app is calling setInterruptionFilter(INTERRUPTION_FILTER_ALL) and expects that call to deactivate an AutomaticZenRule that was previously activated by their owners.

OpenJDK API 變更

Android 15 持續更新 Android 核心程式庫，以便與最新版 OpenJDK LTS 中的功能保持一致。

如果應用程式指定 Android 15 (API 級別 35)，以下部分變更可能會影響應用程式相容性：

  • 字串格式化 API 的變更：使用下列 String.format() 和 Formatter.format() API 時，系統現在會更嚴格地驗證引數索引、旗標、寬度和精確度：

    舉例來說，使用引數索引 0 (格式字串中的 %0) 時，會擲回下列例外狀況：

    IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException: Illegal format argument index = 0

    在這種情況下，使用引數索引 1 (格式字串中的 %1) 即可修正問題。

  • Arrays.asList(...).toArray() 的元件類型變更：使用 Arrays.asList(...).toArray() 時，產生的陣列元件類型現在是 Object，而不是基礎陣列元素的類型。因此，下列程式碼會擲回 ClassCastException：

    String[] elements = (String[]) Arrays.asList("one", "two").toArray();

    在這種情況下，如要將 String 保留在產生的陣列中做為元件型別，可以使用 Collection.toArray(Object[])：

    String[] elements = Arrays.asList("two", "one").toArray(new String[0]);

  • 語言代碼處理方式異動：使用 Locale API 時，希伯來文、意第緒文和印尼文的語言代碼不會再轉換為舊版代碼 (希伯來文：iw、意第緒文：ji、印尼文：in)。指定這些語言的語言代碼時，請改用 ISO 639-1 的代碼 (希伯來文：he、意第緒文：yi、印尼文：id)。

  • 隨機整數序列的變更：根據 https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8301574 中所做的變更，下列 Random.ints() 方法現在會傳回與 Random.nextInt() 方法不同的數字序列：

    一般來說，這項變更不會導致應用程式發生中斷行為，但您的程式碼不應預期從 Random.ints() 方法產生的序列會與 Random.nextInt() 相符。

在應用程式的建構設定中更新 compileSdk，以使用 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 後，新的 SequencedCollection API 可能會影響應用程式的相容性：

  • 與 kotlin-stdlib 中的 MutableList.removeFirst() 和 MutableList.removeLast() 擴充函式發生衝突

    Java 中的 List 型別會對應至 Kotlin 中的 MutableList 型別。由於 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 已推出 List.removeFirst() 和 List.removeLast() API，Kotlin 編譯器會將函式呼叫 (例如 list.removeFirst()) 靜態解析為新的 List API，而不是 kotlin-stdlib 中的擴充功能函式。

    如果應用程式重新編譯時，將 compileSdk 設為 35，並將 minSdk 設為 34 以下，然後在 Android 14 以下版本執行，就會擲回執行階段錯誤：

    java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: No virtual method
removeFirst()Ljava/lang/Object; in class Ljava/util/ArrayList;

    Android Gradle 外掛程式中的現有 NewApi lint 選項可以偵測這些新 API 用法。

    ./gradlew lint

MainActivity.kt:41: Error: Call requires API level 35 (current min is 34): java.util.List#removeFirst [NewApi]
      list.removeFirst()

    如要修正執行階段例外狀況和 Lint 錯誤，請在 Kotlin 中將 removeFirst() 和 removeLast() 函式呼叫分別替換為 removeAt(0) 和 removeAt(list.lastIndex)。如果您使用 Android Studio Ladybug | 2024.1.3 以上版本，系統也會提供這些錯誤的快速修正選項。

    如果已停用 Lint 選項，請考慮移除 @SuppressLint("NewApi") 和 lintOptions { disable 'NewApi' }。

  • 與 Java 中的其他方法發生衝突

    現有型別已新增方法，例如 List 和 Deque。這些新方法可能與其他介面和類別中，名稱和引數類型相同的方法不相容。如果方法簽章與不相容的項目發生衝突，javac 編譯器會輸出建構時間錯誤。例如：

    錯誤示例 1：

    javac MyList.java

MyList.java:135: error: removeLast() in MyList cannot implement removeLast() in List
  public void removeLast() {
              ^
  return type void is not compatible with Object
  where E is a type-variable:
    E extends Object declared in interface List

    錯誤示例 2：

    javac MyList.java

MyList.java:7: error: types Deque<Object> and List<Object> are incompatible;
public class MyList implements  List<Object>, Deque<Object> {
  both define reversed(), but with unrelated return types
1 error

    錯誤示例 3：

    javac MyList.java

MyList.java:43: error: types List<E#1> and MyInterface<E#2> are incompatible;
public static class MyList implements List<Object>, MyInterface<Object> {
  class MyList inherits unrelated defaults for getFirst() from types List and MyInterface
  where E#1,E#2 are type-variables:
    E#1 extends Object declared in interface List
    E#2 extends Object declared in interface MyInterface
1 error

    如要修正這些建構錯誤，實作這些介面的類別應使用相容的回傳型別覆寫方法。例如：

    @Override
public Object getFirst() {
    return List.super.getFirst();
}

安全性

Android 15 包含多項變更，可提升系統安全性，協助保護應用程式和使用者免受惡意應用程式侵害。

受限的 TLS 版本

Android 15 限制了对 TLS 版本 1.0 和 1.1 的使用。这些版本之前已在 Android 中被弃用，但现在不允许面向 Android 15 的应用使用。

安全啟動背景活動

Android 15 protects users from malicious apps and gives them more control over their devices by adding changes that prevent malicious background apps from bringing other apps to the foreground, elevating their privileges, and abusing user interaction. Background activity launches have been restricted since Android 10 (API level 29).

Other changes

  • Change PendingIntent creators to block background activity launches by default. This helps prevent apps from accidentally creating a PendingIntent that could be abused by malicious actors.
  • Don't bring an app to the foreground unless the PendingIntent sender allows it. This change aims to prevent malicious apps from abusing the ability to start activities in the background. By default, apps are not allowed to bring the task stack to the foreground unless the creator allows background activity launch privileges or the sender has background activity launch privileges.
  • Control how the top activity of a task stack can finish its task. If the top activity finishes a task, Android will go back to whichever task was last active. Moreover, if a non-top activity finishes its task, Android will go back to the home screen; it won't block the finish of this non-top activity.
  • Prevent launching arbitrary activities from other apps into your own task. This change prevents malicious apps from phishing users by creating activities that appear to be from other apps.
  • Block non-visible windows from being considered for background activity launches. This helps prevent malicious apps from abusing background activity launches to display unwanted or malicious content to users.

更安全的意圖

Android 15 推出意圖的 StrictMode。

如要查看 Intent 用量違規的詳細記錄，請使用下列方法：

Kotlin

fun onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(VmPolicy.Builder()
        .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
        .build()
    )
}

Java

public void onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(new VmPolicy.Builder()
            .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
            .build());
}

使用者體驗和系統 UI

Android 15 包含一些變更，旨在打造更一致、直覺的使用者體驗。

視窗插邊變更

There are two changes related to window insets in Android 15: edge-to-edge is enforced by default, and there are also configuration changes, such as the default configuration of system bars.

全面实施政策

Apps are edge-to-edge by default on devices running Android 15 if the app is targeting Android 15 (API level 35).

An app that targets Android 14 and is not edge-to-edge on an Android 15 device.


An app that targets Android 15 (API level 35) and is edge-to-edge on an Android 15 device. This app mostly uses Material 3 Compose Components that automatically apply insets. This screen is not negatively impacted by the Android 15 edge-to-edge enforcement.

This is a breaking change that might negatively impact your app's UI. The changes affect the following UI areas:

  • Gesture handle navigation bar
    • Transparent by default.
    • Bottom offset is disabled so content draws behind the system navigation bar unless insets are applied.
    • setNavigationBarColor and R.attr#navigationBarColor are deprecated and don't affect gesture navigation.
    • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced and R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced continue to have no effect on gesture navigation.
  • 3-button navigation
    • Opacity set to 80% by default, with color possibly matching the window background.
    • Bottom offset disabled so content draws behind the system navigation bar unless insets are applied.
    • setNavigationBarColor and R.attr#navigationBarColor are set to match the window background by default. The window background must be a color drawable for this default to apply. This API is deprecated but continues to affect 3-button navigation.
    • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced and R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced is true by default, which adds an 80% opaque background across 3-button navigation.
  • Status bar
    • Transparent by default.
    • The top offset is disabled so content draws behind the status bar unless insets are applied.
    • setStatusBarColor and R.attr#statusBarColor are deprecated and have no effect on Android 15.
    • setStatusBarContrastEnforced and R.attr#statusBarContrastEnforced are deprecated but still have an effect on Android 15.
  • Display cutout
    • layoutInDisplayCutoutMode of non-floating windows must be LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS. SHORT_EDGES, NEVER, and DEFAULT are interpreted as ALWAYS so that users don't see a black bar caused by the display cutout and appear edge-to-edge.

The following example shows an app before and after targeting Android 15 (API level 35), and before and after applying insets. This example is not comprehensive, this might appear differently on Android Auto.

An app that targets Android 14 and is not edge-to-edge on an Android 15 device.
An app that targets Android 15 (API level 35) and is edge-to-edge on an Android 15 device. However, many elements are now hidden by the status bar, 3-button navigation bar, or display cutout due to the Android 15 edge-to-edge enforcements. Hidden UI includes the Material 2 top app bar, floating action buttons, and list items.
An app that targets Android 15 (API level 35), is edge to edge on an Android 15 device and applies insets so that UI is not hidden.
What to check if your app is already edge-to-edge

If your app is already edge-to-edge and applies insets, you are mostly unimpacted, except in the following scenarios. However, even if you think you aren't impacted, we recommend you test your app.

  • You have a non-floating window, such as an Activity that uses SHORT_EDGES, NEVER or DEFAULT instead of LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS. If your app crashes on launch, this might be due to your splashscreen. You can either upgrade the core splashscreen dependency to 1.2.0-alpha01 or later or set window.attributes.layoutInDisplayCutoutMode = WindowManager.LayoutInDisplayCutoutMode.always.
  • There might be lower-traffic screens with occluded UI. Verify these less-visited screens don't have occluded UI. Lower-traffic screens include:
    • Onboarding or sign-in screens
    • Settings pages
What to check if your app is not already edge-to-edge

If your app is not already edge-to-edge, you are most likely impacted. In addition to the scenarios for apps that are already edge-to-edge, you should consider the following:

  • If your app uses Material 3 Components ( androidx.compose.material3) in compose, such as TopAppBar, BottomAppBar, and NavigationBar, these components are likely not impacted because they automatically handle insets.
  • If your app is using Material 2 Components ( androidx.compose.material) in Compose, these components don't automatically handle insets. However, you can get access to the insets and apply them manually. In androidx.compose.material 1.6.0 and later, use the windowInsets parameter to apply the insets manually for BottomAppBar, TopAppBar, BottomNavigation, and NavigationRail. Likewise, use the contentWindowInsets parameter for Scaffold.
  • If your app uses views and Material Components (com.google.android.material), most views-based Material Components such as BottomNavigationView, BottomAppBar, NavigationRailView, or NavigationView, handle insets and require no additional work. However, you need to add android:fitsSystemWindows="true" if using AppBarLayout.
  • For custom composables, apply the insets manually as padding. If your content is within a Scaffold, you can consume insets using the Scaffold padding values. Otherwise, apply padding using one of the WindowInsets.
  • If your app is using views and BottomSheet, SideSheet or custom containers, apply padding using ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener. For RecyclerView, apply padding using this listener and also add clipToPadding="false".
What to check if your app must offer custom background protection

If your app must offer custom background protection to 3-button navigation or the status bar, your app should place a composable or view behind the system bar using WindowInsets.Type#tappableElement() to get the 3-button navigation bar height or WindowInsets.Type#statusBars.

Additional edge-to-edge resources

See the Edge to Edge Views and Edge to Edge Compose guides for additional considerations on applying insets.

Deprecated APIs

The following APIs are deprecated but not disabled:

The following APIs are deprecated and disabled:

稳定配置

If your app targets Android 15 (API level 35) or higher, Configuration no longer excludes the system bars. If you use the screen size in the Configuration class for layout calculation, you should replace it with better alternatives like an appropriate ViewGroup, WindowInsets, or WindowMetricsCalculator depending on your need.

Configuration has been available since API 1. It is typically obtained from Activity.onConfigurationChanged. It provides information like window density, orientation, and sizes. One important characteristic about the window sizes returned from Configuration is that it previously excluded the system bars.

The configuration size is typically used for resource selection, such as /res/layout-h500dp, and this is still a valid use case. However, using it for layout calculation has always been discouraged. If you do so, you should move away from it now. You should replace the use of Configuration with something more suitable depending on your use case.

If you use it to calculate the layout, use an appropriate ViewGroup, such as CoordinatorLayout or ConstraintLayout. If you use it to determine the height of the system navbar, use WindowInsets. If you want to know the current size of your app window, use computeCurrentWindowMetrics.

The following list describes the fields affected by this change:

elegantTextHeight 屬性預設為 true

針對指定 Android 15 (API 級別 35) 的應用程式，elegantTextHeight TextView 屬性預設會變成 true，將預設使用的緊湊字型取代為具有大型垂直指標的某些指令碼，以便更容易閱讀。我們推出了精簡字型，以免版面配置中斷；Android 13 (API 級別 33) 允許文字版面配置利用 fallbackLineSpacing 屬性拉長垂直高度，藉此避免許多這類中斷情形。

在 Android 15 中，系統仍會保留精簡字型，因此應用程式可以將 elegantTextHeight 設為 false，以便取得與先前相同的行為，但未來版本不太可能支援這項功能。因此，如果您的應用程式支援下列文字：阿拉伯文、老撾文、緬甸文、泰米爾文、古吉拉特文、卡納達文、馬拉雅拉姆文、奧里雅文、泰盧固文或泰文，請將 elegantTextHeight 設為 true 來測試應用程式。

elegantTextHeight 指定 Android 14 (API 級別 34) 以下版本為目標版本的應用程式行為。
elegantTextHeight 指定 Android 15 為目標版本的應用程式行為。

複雜字母形狀的 TextView 寬度變化

在以前的 Android 版本中，某些具有复杂形状的手写字体或语言可能会在上一个或下一个字符的区域绘制字母。在某些情况下，此类字母会在开头或结尾处被剪裁。从 Android 15 开始，TextView 会分配宽度，以便为此类字母绘制足够的空间，并允许应用请求向左额外添加内边距以防止剪裁。

由于此更改会影响 TextView 确定宽度的方式，因此如果应用以 Android 15（API 级别 35）或更高版本为目标平台，TextView 会默认分配更多宽度。您可以通过对 TextView 调用 setUseBoundsForWidth API 来启用或停用此行为。

由于添加左内边距可能会导致现有布局未对齐，因此默认情况下不会添加内边距，即使以 Android 15 或更高版本为目标平台的应用也是如此。不过，您可以通过调用 setShiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang 添加额外的内边距以防止剪裁。

以下示例展示了这些更改如何改进某些字体和语言的文本布局。

采用手写体字体的英语文本的标准布局。部分字母被截断。对应的 XML 如下：

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java" />
相同英语文本的布局，增加了宽度和内边距。以下是相应的 XML：

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />
泰语文本的标准布局。部分字母被截断。 以下是相应的 XML：

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์" />
相同泰语文本的布局，增加了宽度和内边距。以下是相应的 XML：

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />

EditText 的預設行高會因語言代碼而異

In previous versions of Android, the text layout stretched the height of the text to meet the line height of the font that matched the current locale. For example, if the content was in Japanese, because the line height of the Japanese font is slightly larger than the one of a Latin font, the height of the text became slightly larger. However, despite these differences in line heights, the EditText element was sized uniformly, regardless of the locale being used, as illustrated in the following image:

Three boxes representing EditText elements that can contain text from English (en), Japanese (ja), and Burmese (my). The height of the EditText is the same, even though these languages have different line heights from each other.

For apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35), a minimum line height is now reserved for EditText to match the reference font for the specified Locale, as shown in the following image:

Three boxes representing EditText elements that can contain text from English (en), Japanese (ja), and Burmese (my). The height of the EditText now includes space to accommodate the default line height for these languages' fonts.

If needed, your app can restore the previous behavior by specifying the useLocalePreferredLineHeightForMinimum attribute to false, and your app can set custom minimum vertical metrics using the setMinimumFontMetrics API in Kotlin and Java.

相機和媒體

Android 15 對指定 Android 15 以上版本的應用程式，進行了下列攝影機和媒體行為變更。

要求音訊焦點的限制

Apps that target Android 15 (API level 35) must be the top app or running a foreground service in order to request audio focus. If an app attempts to request focus when it does not meet one of these requirements, the call returns AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED.

You can learn more about audio focus at Manage audio focus.

更新非 SDK 限制

基於與 Android 開發人員合作及最新的內部測試，Android 15 包含更新後的受限制非 SDK 介面清單。在限制非 SDK 介面之前，我們盡可能確保公開替代方案的可得性。

如果您的應用程式並不是以 Android 15 為目標版本，則此處所述的某些變更可能不會立即對您造成影響。不過，雖然應用程式視目標 API 級別而定，可以存取某些非 SDK 介面，但使用任何非 SDK 方法或欄位時，應用程式停止運作的風險極高。

如果不確定應用程式是否使用非 SDK 介面，可測試應用程式以便確認。如果應用程式仰賴非 SDK 介面，則應開始規劃遷移至 SDK 替代方案。我們瞭解有些應用程式可使用非 SDK 介面運作。如果您除了為應用程式中的某個功能使用非 SDK 介面外，已別無他法，則應要求新的公用 API。

To learn more about the changes in this release of Android, see Updates to non-SDK interface restrictions in Android 15. To learn more about non-SDK interfaces generally, see Restrictions on non-SDK interfaces.