行为变更：以 Android 17 或更高版本为目标平台的应用

与之前的版本一样，Android 17 包含一些可能会影响应用的行为变更。以下行为变更仅影响以 Android 17 或更高版本为目标平台的应用。如果您的应用以 Android 17 或更高版本为目标平台，您应该修改自己的应用以支持这些行为（如果适用）。

无论应用的 targetSdkVersion 为何，都请务必查看对 Android 17 上运行的所有应用都有影响的行为变更列表。

用户体验和系统界面

Android 17 包含以下旨在打造更一致、更直观的用户体验的变更。

内存限制 widget

从 Android 17 开始，对于以 Android 17（API 级别 37）或更高版本为目标平台的应用，系统会针对 RemoteViews Parcel 中存在的位图和图标的总内存使用量强制执行严格的内存限制 (1.5 * 屏幕宽度 * 屏幕高度 * 4)。如果超出这些限制，系统会抛出致命的 IllegalArgumentException 并导致应用进程崩溃。

如需了解详情，请参阅 UpdateAppWidget。

核心功能

Android 17 包含以下变更，这些变更会修改或扩展 Android 系统的各种核心功能。

MessageQueue 的新无锁实现

Beginning with Android 17, apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher receive a new lock-free implementation of android.os.MessageQueue. The new implementation improves performance and reduces missed frames, but may break clients that reflect on MessageQueue private fields and methods.

For more information, including mitigation strategies, see MessageQueue behavior change guidance.

静态 final 字段现在不可修改

Apps running on Android 17 or higher that target Android 17 (API level 37) or higher cannot change static final fields. If an app attempts to change a static final field by using reflection, it will cause an IllegalAccessException. Attempting to modify one of these fields through JNI APIs (such as SetStaticLongField()) will cause the app to crash.

无障碍

Android 17 进行了以下变更，以改进无障碍功能。

复杂 IME 实体键盘输入的无障碍支持

This feature introduces new AccessibilityEvent and TextAttribute APIs to enhance screen reader spoken feedback for CJKV language input. CJKV IME apps can now signal whether a text conversion candidate has been selected during text composition. Apps with edit fields can specify text change types when sending text changed accessibility events. For example, apps can specify that a text change occurred during text composition, or that a text change resulted from a commit. Doing this enables accessibility services such as screen readers to deliver more precise feedback based on the nature of the text modification.

App adoption

• IME Apps: When setting composing text in edit fields, IMEs can use TextAttribute.Builder.setTextSuggestionSelected() to indicate whether a specific conversion candidate was selected.

• Apps with Edit Fields: Apps that maintain a custom InputConnection can retrieve candidate selection data by calling TextAttribute.isTextSuggestionSelected(). These apps should then call AccessibilityEvent.setTextChangeTypes() when dispatching TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED events. Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) that use the standard TextView will have this feature enabled by default. (That is, TextView will handle retrieving data from the IME and setting text change types when sending events to accessibility services).

• Accessibility Services: Accessibility services that process TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED events can call AccessibilityEvent.getTextChangeTypes() to identify the nature of the modification and adjust their feedback strategies accordingly.

隐私权

Android 17 包含以下变更，旨在提升用户隐私保护。

已启用 ECH（加密客户端 Hello）

Android 17 introduces platform support for Encrypted Client Hello (ECH), a TLS extension that enhances user privacy by encrypting the Server Name Indication (SNI) in the TLS handshake. This encryption helps prevent network observers from easily identifying the specific domain your app is connecting to.

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, ECH is used for TLS connections. ECH is active only if the networking library used by the app (for example, HttpEngine, WebView, or OkHttp) has integrated ECH support and the remote server also supports the ECH protocol. If ECH cannot be negotiated, the client sends an ECH extension with randomized contents (a mechanism called ECH GREASE). See RFC 9849 for more details on how ECH GREASE works.

To allow apps to customize this behavior, Android 17 adds a new <domainEncryption> element to the Network Security Configuration file. Developers can use <domainEncryption> within <base-config> or <domain-config> tags to select an ECH mode (for example, "enabled" or "disabled") on a global or per-domain basis.

For more information, see the Encrypted Client Hello documentation.

以 Android 17 为目标平台的应用需要本地网络权限

Android 17 introduces the ACCESS_LOCAL_NETWORK runtime permission to protect users from unauthorized local network access. Because this falls under the existing NEARBY_DEVICES permission group, users who have already granted other NEARBY_DEVICES permissions aren't prompted again. This new requirement prevents malicious apps from exploiting unrestricted local network access for covert user tracking and fingerprinting. By declaring and requesting this permission, your app can discover and connect to devices on the local area network (LAN), such as smart home devices or casting receivers.

Apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37) or higher now have two paths to maintain communication with LAN devices: Adopt system-mediated, privacy-preserving device pickers to skip the permission prompt, or explicitly request this new permission at runtime to maintain local network communication.

For more information, see the Local network permission documentation.

在实体设备上隐藏密码

如果应用以 Android 17（API 级别 37）或更高版本为目标平台，并且用户使用的是实体输入设备（例如外接键盘），则 Android 操作系统会将新的 show_passwords_physical 设置应用于密码字段中的所有字符。默认情况下，该设置会隐藏所有密码字符。

Android 系统会显示最后输入的密码字符，以帮助用户查看密码是否输入错误。不过，如果使用较大的外接键盘，则不太需要这样做。此外，配备外接键盘的设备通常具有更大的显示屏，这会增加他人看到所输入密码的风险。

如果用户使用的是设备的触屏，系统会应用新的 show_passwords_touch 设置。

针对标准短信的 OTP 保护

从 Android 17 开始，Android 将扩展其短信动态密码保护功能，以适用于标准短信（包含未使用 WebOTP 或 SMS Retriever 格式的动态密码的短信）。对于以 Android 17（API 级别 37）或更高版本为目标平台的大多数应用，这些短信在收到后三小时内无法使用。此延迟旨在帮助防止 OTP 劫持。在这 3 小时的延迟期间，SMS_RECEIVED_ACTION 广播会被保留，并且 SMS 提供方数据库查询会被过滤。延迟结束后，这些应用即可访问相应短信。

某些应用（例如默认的短信助理应用、已连接的设备配套应用等）不受此延迟限制。所有依赖于读取短信消息来提取 OTP 的应用都应改用 SMS Retriever 或 SMS User Consent API，以确保功能能够继续正常运行。

安全

Android 17 对设备和应用安全性进行了以下改进。

活动安全性

在 Android 17 中，平台继续向“默认安全”架构转变，引入了一系列旨在缓解严重程度较高的漏洞利用（例如网络钓鱼、交互劫持和混淆代理攻击）的增强功能。此更新要求开发者明确选择启用新的安全标准，以保持应用兼容性和用户保护。

对开发者的主要影响包括：

• BAL 安全加固和改进的选择启用机制：我们正在通过将保护范围扩展到 IntentSender 来完善后台 Activity 启动 (BAL) 限制。开发者必须弃用旧版 MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOWED 常量。相反，您应采用精细的控制措施，例如 MODE_BACKGROUND_ACTIVITY_START_ALLOW_IF_VISIBLE，该措施会将 activity 启动限制在调用应用可见的场景中，从而显著减小攻击面。
• 采用工具：开发者应利用严格模式和更新后的 lint 检查来识别旧版模式，并确保应用符合未来的目标 SDK 要求。

默认启用 CT

If an app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, certificate transparency (CT) is enabled by default. (On Android 16, CT is available but apps had to opt in.)

更安全的原生 DCL - C

If your app targets Android 17 (API level 37) or higher, the Safer Dynamic Code Loading (DCL) protection introduced in Android 14 for DEX and JAR files now extends to native libraries.

All native files loaded using System.load() must be marked as read-only. Otherwise, the system throws UnsatisfiedLinkError.

We recommend that apps avoid dynamically loading code whenever possible, as doing so greatly increases the risk that an app can be compromised by code injection or code tampering.

限制 CP2 数据视图中的 PII 字段

对于以 Android 17（API 级别 37）及更高级别为目标平台的应用，联系人提供程序 2 (CP2) 会限制数据视图中包含某些个人身份信息 (PII) 的列。启用此变更后，系统会从数据视图中移除这些列，以增强用户隐私保护。 受限列包括：

• ACCOUNT_NAME
• ACCOUNT_TYPE
• ACCOUNT_TYPE_AND_DATA_SET

使用 ContactsContract.Data 中这些列的应用可以通过与 RAW_CONTACT_ID 联接，改为从 ContactsContract.RawContacts 中提取这些列。

在 CP2 中强制执行严格的 SQL 检查

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level Android 17 (API level 37)) and higher, Contacts Provider 2 (CP2) enforces strict SQL query validation when the ContactsContract.Data table is accessed without READ_CONTACTS permission.

With this change, if an app doesn't have READ_CONTACTS permission, StrictColumns and StrictGrammar options are set when querying the ContactsContract.Data table. If a query uses a pattern that isn't compatible with these, it will be rejected and cause an exception to be thrown.

智能

Android 17 针对系统智能做出了以下变更。

弃用 setContentCaptureEnabled

某些设备默认启用内容捕获功能，以便设备端 AI 功能分析屏幕内容，从而提供智能体验。

从 Android 17 开始，ContentCaptureManager.setContentCaptureEnabled(boolean) API 方法已被废弃。对于以 Android 17（API 级别 37）或更高版本为目标平台的应用，调用 setContentCaptureEnabled(false) 不再停用内容捕获。

如果您的应用需要继续停用内容捕获或限制系统捕获屏幕内容，则必须改用 FLAG_SECURE 窗口布局参数。

如需停用内容捕获，请在窗口上设置 FLAG_SECURE 标志，如以下示例所示：

window.setFlags(
    WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_SECURE,
    WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_SECURE
)

getWindow().setFlags(
    WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_SECURE,
    WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_SECURE
);

如需了解详情，请参阅 WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_SECURE 参考文档。

媒体

Android 17 针对媒体行为做了以下更改。

后台音频安全加固

Beginning with Android 17, the audio framework enforces restrictions on background audio interactions including audio playback, audio focus requests, and volume change APIs to ensure that these changes are started intentionally by the user.

Some audio restrictions apply to all apps. However, the restrictions are more stringent if an app targets Android 17 (API level 37). If one of these apps interacts with audio while it is in the background, it must have a foreground service running. In addition, the app must meet one or both of these requirements:

• The foreground service must have while-in-use (WIU) capabilities.
• The app must have the exact alarm permission and be interacting with USAGE_ALARM audio streams.

For more information, including mitigation strategies, see Background audio hardening.

设备规格

Android 17 包含以下变更，可改善各种尺寸和外形规格的设备上的用户体验。

平台 API 变更：忽略大屏设备 (sw>=600dp) 上的屏幕方向、尺寸调整和宽高比限制

We introduced Platform API changes in Android 16 to ignore orientation, aspect ratio, and resizability restrictions on large screens (sw >= 600dp) for apps targeting API level 36 or higher. Developers have the option to opt out of these changes with SDK 36, but this opt-out will no longer be available for apps that target Android 17 (API level 37) or higher.

For more information, see Restrictions on orientation and resizability are ignored.

连接

Android 17 引入了以下变更，以提高一致性并与蓝牙 RFCOMM 套接字的标准 Java InputStream 行为保持一致。

针对 RFCOMM 的一致 BluetoothSocket read() 行为

For apps targeting Android 17 (API level 37), the read() method of the InputStream obtained from an RFCOMM-based BluetoothSocket now returns -1 when the socket is closed or the connection is dropped.

This change makes RFCOMM socket behavior consistent with LE CoC sockets and aligns with the standard InputStream.read() documentation, which states that -1 is returned when the end of the stream is reached.

Apps that rely solely on catching an IOException to break out of a read loop may be impacted by this change and should update the BluetoothSocket read loops to explicitly check for a return value of -1. This ensures the loop terminates correctly when the remote device disconnects or the socket is closed. For an example of the recommended implementation, see the code snippet in the Transfer Bluetooth data guide.