Android 17 面向开发者引入了一些出色的新功能和 API。以下各部分总结了这些功能,可帮助您开始使用相关 API。
如需查看新增、修改和移除的 API 的详细列表,请参阅 API 差异报告。如需详细了解新的 API,请访问 Android API 参考文档,新 API 会突出显示以方便查看。
您还应查看平台变更可能会在哪些方面影响您的应用。如需了解详情,请参阅以下页面:
核心功能
Android 17 添加了以下与核心 Android 功能相关的新功能。
新的 ProfilingManager 触发器
Android 17 向 ProfilingManager 添加了多个新的系统触发器,可帮助您收集深入的数据来调试性能问题。
新增的触发条件包括:
TRIGGER_TYPE_COLD_START:触发器在应用冷启动期间触发。它会在响应中同时提供调用堆栈样本和系统轨迹。TRIGGER_TYPE_OOM:当应用抛出OutOfMemoryError并提供 Java 堆转储作为响应时,会触发此事件。TRIGGER_TYPE_KILL_EXCESSIVE_CPU_USAGE:当应用因 CPU 使用率异常过高而被终止时,系统会触发此事件,并提供调用堆栈样本作为响应。
如需了解如何设置系统触发器,请参阅有关基于触发器的分析以及如何检索和分析分析数据的文档。
JobDebugInfo API
Android 17 引入了新的 JobDebugInfo API,可帮助开发者调试
其 JobScheduler 作业,包括作业为何未运行、运行了多长时间以及
其他汇总信息。
扩展后的 JobDebugInfo API 的第一个方法是
getPendingJobReasonStats(),该方法会返回一个映射,其中包含作业处于
待执行状态的原因及其各自的累计待执行
时长。此方法将 getPendingJobReasonsHistory() 和
getPendingJobReasons() 方法结合在一起,让您能够了解预定
作业为何未按预期运行,但通过在单个方法中提供时长和作业原因,简化了信息检索。
例如,对于指定的 jobId,该方法可能会返回
PENDING_JOB_REASON_CONSTRAINT_CHARGING 和 60000 毫秒的时长,表明
作业因未满足充电限制而处于待执行状态 60000 毫秒。
隐私权
Android 17 包含以下新功能,可提升用户隐私保护。
Android 联系人选择器
Android 联系人选择器是一个标准化的可浏览界面,供用户与您的应用分享联系人。该选择器可在搭载 Android 17 或更高版本的设备上使用,可提供一种注重隐私保护的替代方案,以取代范围广泛的 READ_CONTACTS 权限。您的应用不会请求访问用户的整个地址簿,而是指定所需的数据字段(例如电话号码或电子邮件地址),然后用户选择要分享的特定联系人。这只会授予您的应用对所选数据的读取权限,从而确保精细控制,同时提供一致的用户体验,并具有内置的搜索、个人资料切换和多选功能,而无需构建或维护界面。
如需了解详情,请参阅联系人选择器文档。
安全
Android 17 新增了以下功能,以提升设备和应用安全性。
Android 高级保护模式 (AAPM)
Android 高级保护模式为 Android 用户提供了一套强大的新安全功能,标志着在保护用户(尤其是面临较高风险的用户)免遭复杂攻击方面迈出了重要一步。AAPM 是一项选择启用功能,只需进行一项配置设置即可激活。用户可以随时启用该功能,以应用一套主观的安全保护措施。
这些核心配置包括:禁止安装未知来源的应用(旁加载)、限制 USB 数据信号传输,以及强制执行 Google Play 保护机制扫描,从而显著减小设备的攻击面。
开发者可以使用 AdvancedProtectionManager API 与此功能集成,以检测模式的状态,从而使应用能够在用户选择启用此模式时自动采用强化型安全姿态或限制高风险功能。
连接
Android 17 添加了以下功能,以改进设备和应用连接。
受限卫星网络
实现优化,使应用能够在低带宽卫星网络上有效运行。
用户体验和系统界面
Android 17 包含以下变更,旨在提升用户体验。
接力
Handoff is a new feature and API coming to Android 17 that app developers can integrate with to provide cross-device continuity for their users. It allows the user to start an app activity on one Android device and transition it to another Android device. Handoff runs in the background of a user's device and surfaces available activities from the user's other nearby devices through various entry points, like the launcher and taskbar, on the receiving device.
Apps can designate Handoff to launch the same native Android app, if it is installed and available on the receiving device. In this app-to-app flow, the user is deep-linked to the designated activity. Alternatively, app-to-web Handoff can be offered as a fallback option or directly implemented with URL Handoff.
Handoff support is implemented on a per-activity basis. To enable Handoff, call
the setHandoffEnabled() method for the activity. Additional data may need to
be passed along with the handoff so the recreated activity on the receiving
device can restore appropriate state. Implement the
onHandoffActivityRequested() callback to return a HandoffActivityData object
which contains details that specify how Handoff should handle and recreate
the activity on the receiving device.
实时更新 - 语义颜色 API
在 Android 17 中,实时更新启动了语义着色 API,以支持具有普遍意义的颜色。
以下类支持语义着色:
NotificationNotification.MetricNotification.ProgressStyle.PointNotification.ProgressStyle.Segment
填色游戏
- 绿色:与安全相关。 此颜色应在以下情况下使用:让别人知道您处于安全状态。
- 橙色:用于表示警告和标记物理危险。当用户需要注意设置更好的保护设置时,应使用此颜色。
- 红色:通常表示危险,停止。它应在需要紧急引起人们注意的情况下呈现。
- 蓝色:中性颜色,适用于信息性内容,应与其他内容区分开来。
以下示例展示了如何将语义样式应用于通知中的文本:
val ssb = SpannableStringBuilder()
.append("Colors: ")
.append("NONE", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_UNSPECIFIED), 0)
.append(", ")
.append("INFO", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_INFO), 0)
.append(", ")
.append("SAFE", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_SAFE), 0)
.append(", ")
.append("CAUTION", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_CAUTION), 0)
.append(", ")
.append("DANGER", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_DANGER), 0)
Notification.Builder(context, channelId)
.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_icon)
.setContentTitle("Hello World!")
.setContentText(ssb)
.setOngoing(true)
.setRequestPromotedOngoing(true)
适用于 Android 17 的 UWB 下行链路 TDoA API
Downlink Time Difference of Arrival (DL-TDoA) ranging lets a device determine its position relative to multiple anchors by measuring the relative arrival times of signals.
The following snippet demonstrates how to initialize the Ranging Manager, verify device capabilities, and start a DL-TDoA session:
Kotlin
class RangingApp {
fun initDlTdoa(context: Context) {
// Initialize the Ranging Manager
val rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager::class.java)
// Register for device capabilities
val capabilitiesCallback = object : RangingManager.CapabilitiesCallback {
override fun onRangingCapabilities(capabilities: RangingCapabilities) {
// Make sure Dl-TDoA is supported before starting the session
if (capabilities.uwbCapabilities != null && capabilities.uwbCapabilities!!.isDlTdoaSupported) {
startDlTDoASession(context)
}
}
}
rangingManager.registerCapabilitiesCallback(Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), capabilitiesCallback)
}
fun startDlTDoASession(context: Context) {
// Initialize the Ranging Manager
val rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager::class.java)
// Create session and configure parameters
val executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()
val rangingSession = rangingManager.createRangingSession(executor, RangingSessionCallback())
val rangingRoundIndexes = intArrayOf(0)
val config: ByteArray = byteArrayOf() // OOB config data
val params = DlTdoaRangingParams.createFromFiraConfigPacket(config, rangingRoundIndexes)
val rangingDevice = RangingDevice.Builder().build()
val rawTagDevice = RawRangingDevice.Builder()
.setRangingDevice(rangingDevice)
.setDlTdoaRangingParams(params)
.build()
val dtTagConfig = RawDtTagRangingConfig.Builder(rawTagDevice).build()
val preference = RangingPreference.Builder(DEVICE_ROLE_DT_TAG, dtTagConfig)
.setSessionConfig(SessionConfig.Builder().build())
.build()
// Start the ranging session
rangingSession.start(preference)
}
}
private class RangingSessionCallback : RangingSession.Callback {
override fun onDlTdoaResults(peer: RangingDevice, measurement: DlTdoaMeasurement) {
// Process measurement results here
}
}
Java
public class RangingApp {
public void initDlTdoa(Context context) {
// Initialize the Ranging Manager
RangingManager rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager.class);
// Register for device capabilities
RangingManager.CapabilitiesCallback capabilitiesCallback = new RangingManager.CapabilitiesCallback() {
@Override
public void onRangingCapabilities(RangingCapabilities capabilities) {
// Make sure Dl-TDoA is supported before starting the session
if (capabilities.getUwbCapabilities() != null && capabilities.getUwbCapabilities().isDlTdoaSupported) {
startDlTDoASession(context);
}
}
};
rangingManager.registerCapabilitiesCallback(Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), capabilitiesCallback);
}
public void startDlTDoASession(Context context) {
RangingManager rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager.class);
// Create session and configure parameters
Executor executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
RangingSession rangingSession = rangingManager.createRangingSession(executor, new RangingSessionCallback());
int[] rangingRoundIndexes = new int[] {0};
byte[] config = new byte[0]; // OOB config data
DlTdoaRangingParams params = DlTdoaRangingParams.createFromFiraConfigPacket(config, rangingRoundIndexes);
RangingDevice rangingDevice = new RangingDevice.Builder().build();
RawRangingDevice rawTagDevice = new RawRangingDevice.Builder()
.setRangingDevice(rangingDevice)
.setDlTdoaRangingParams(params)
.build();
RawDtTagRangingConfig dtTagConfig = new RawDtTagRangingConfig.Builder(rawTagDevice).build();
RangingPreference preference = new RangingPreference.Builder(DEVICE_ROLE_DT_TAG, dtTagConfig)
.setSessionConfig(new SessionConfig.Builder().build())
.build();
// Start the ranging session
rangingSession.start(preference);
}
private static class RangingSessionCallback implements RangingSession.Callback {
@Override
public void onDlTdoaResults(RangingDevice peer, DlTdoaMeasurement measurement) {
// Process measurement results here
}
}
}
Out-of-Band (OOB) Configurations
The following snippet provides an example of DL-TDoA OOB configuration data for Wi-Fi and BLE:
Java
// Wifi Configuration
byte[] wifiConfig = {
(byte) 0xDD, (byte) 0x2D, (byte) 0x5A, (byte) 0x18, (byte) 0xFF, // Header
(byte) 0x5F, (byte) 0x19, // FiRa Sub-Element
(byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x00, // Profile ID
(byte) 0x06, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x08, // MAC Address
(byte) 0x14, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0C, // Preamble Index
(byte) 0x27, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x07, // Vendor ID
(byte) 0x28, (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xC8, (byte) 0xA6, (byte) 0xF7, (byte) 0x6F, (byte) 0x08, // Static STS IV
(byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x60, (byte) 0x09, // Slot Duration
(byte) 0x1B, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0A, // Slots per RR
(byte) 0x09, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0xE8, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, // Duration
(byte) 0x9F, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0x67, (byte) 0x45, (byte) 0x23, (byte) 0x01 // Session ID
};
// BLE Configuration
byte[] bleConfig = {
(byte) 0x2D, (byte) 0x16, (byte) 0xF4, (byte) 0xFF, // Header
(byte) 0x5F, (byte) 0x19, // FiRa Sub-Element
(byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x00, // Profile ID
(byte) 0x06, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x08, // MAC Address
(byte) 0x14, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0C, // Preamble Index
(byte) 0x27, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x07, // Vendor ID
(byte) 0x28, (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xC8, (byte) 0xA6, (byte) 0xF7, (byte) 0x6F, (byte) 0x08, // Static STS IV
(byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x60, (byte) 0x09, // Slot Duration
(byte) 0x1B, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0A, // Slots per RR
(byte) 0x09, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0xE8, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, // Duration
(byte) 0x9F, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0x67, (byte) 0x45, (byte) 0x23, (byte) 0x01 // Session ID
};
If you can't use an OOB configuration because it is missing, or if you need to
change default values that aren't in the OOB config, you can build parameters
with DlTdoaRangingParams.Builder as shown in the following snippet. You can use
these parameters in place of DlTdoaRangingParams.createFromFiraConfigPacket():
Kotlin
val dlTdoaParams = DlTdoaRangingParams.Builder(1)
.setComplexChannel(UwbComplexChannel.Builder()
.setChannel(9).setPreambleIndex(10).build())
.setDeviceAddress(deviceAddress)
.setSessionKeyInfo(byteArrayOf(0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04))
.setRangingIntervalMillis(240)
.setSlotDuration(UwbRangingParams.DURATION_2_MS)
.setSlotsPerRangingRound(20)
.setRangingRoundIndexes(byteArrayOf(0x01, 0x05))
.build()
Java
DlTdoaRangingParams dlTdoaParams = new DlTdoaRangingParams.Builder(1)
.setComplexChannel(new UwbComplexChannel.Builder()
.setChannel(9).setPreambleIndex(10).build())
.setDeviceAddress(deviceAddress)
.setSessionKeyInfo(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04})
.setRangingIntervalMillis(240)
.setSlotDuration(UwbRangingParams.DURATION_2_MS)
.setSlotsPerRangingRound(20)
.setRangingRoundIndexes(new byte[]{0x01, 0x05})
.build();