如要定義多對多關係,請先為這兩個實體分別建立類別。由於子實體通常不含父系實體的參照,因此多對多關係與其他關係類型不同。請改為建立第三個類別來代表這兩個實體之間的關聯實體或「交叉參照資料表」。交叉參照資料表必須包含主鍵資料欄,該欄代表資料表內多對多關係中的每個實體。在本例中,交叉參照資料表中的每一個資料列都會對應至一對 Playlist 例項和 Song 例項,其中參照的歌曲會包含在參照的播放清單中。
@Transaction@Query("SELECT * FROM Playlist")fungetPlaylistsWithSongs():List<PlaylistWithSongs>@Transaction@Query("SELECT * FROM Song")fungetSongsWithPlaylists():List<SongWithPlaylists>
Java
@Transaction@Query("SELECT * FROM Playlist")publicList<PlaylistWithSongs>getPlaylistsWithSongs();@Transaction@Query("SELECT * FROM Song")publicList<SongWithPlaylists>getSongsWithPlaylists();
[null,null,["上次更新時間:2025-07-27 (世界標準時間)。"],[],[],null,["# Define and query many-to-many relationships\n\nA *many-to-many relationship* between two entities is a relationship where each\ninstance of the parent entity corresponds to zero or more instances of the child\nentity, and the reverse is also true.\n\nIn the music streaming app example, consider the songs in the user-defined\nplaylists. Each playlist can include many songs, and each song can be a part of\nmany different playlists. Therefore, there is a many-to-many relationship\nbetween the `Playlist` entity and the `Song` entity.\n\nFollow these steps to define and query many-to-many relationships in your\ndatabase:\n\n1. **[Define the relationship](#define)**: Establish the entities and the associative entity (cross-reference table) to represent the many-to-many relationship.\n2. **[Query the entities](#query)**: Determine how you want to query the related entities and create data classes to represent the intended output.\n\nDefine the relationship\n-----------------------\n\nTo define a many-to-many relationship, first create a class for each of your two\nentities. Many-to-many relationships are distinct from other relationship types\nbecause there is generally no reference to the parent entity in the child\nentity. Instead, create a third class to represent an [associative\nentity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_entity), or *cross-reference table* , between the two entities.\nThe cross-reference table must have columns for the primary key from each entity\nin the many-to-many relationship represented in the table. In this example, each\nrow in the cross-reference table corresponds to a pairing of a `Playlist`\ninstance and a `Song` instance where the referenced song is included in the\nreferenced playlist. \n\n### Kotlin\n\n @Entity\n data class Playlist(\n @PrimaryKey val playlistId: Long,\n val playlistName: String\n )\n\n @Entity\n data class Song(\n @PrimaryKey val songId: Long,\n val songName: String,\n val artist: String\n )\n\n @Entity(primaryKeys = [\"playlistId\", \"songId\"])\n data class PlaylistSongCrossRef(\n val playlistId: Long,\n val songId: Long\n )\n\n### Java\n\n @Entity\n public class Playlist {\n @PrimaryKey public long playlistId;\n public String playlistName;\n }\n\n @Entity\n public class Song {\n @PrimaryKey public long songId;\n public String songName;\n public String artist;\n }\n\n @Entity(primaryKeys = {\"playlistId\", \"songId\"})\n public class PlaylistSongCrossRef {\n public long playlistId;\n public long songId;\n }\n\nQuery the entities\n------------------\n\nThe next step depends on how you want to query these related entities.\n\n- If you want to query *playlists* and a list of the corresponding *songs* for each playlist, create a new data class that contains a single `Playlist` object and a list of all of the `Song` objects that the playlist includes.\n- If you want to query *songs* and a list of the corresponding *playlists* for each, create a new data class that contains a single `Song` object and a list of all of the `Playlist` objects in which the song is included.\n\nIn either case, model the relationship between the entities by using the\n[`associateBy`](/reference/kotlin/androidx/room/Relation#associateBy()) property in the [`@Relation`](/reference/kotlin/androidx/room/Relation) annotation in each of these\nclasses to identify the cross-reference entity providing the relationship\nbetween the `Playlist` entity and the `Song` entity. \n\n### Kotlin\n\n data class PlaylistWithSongs(\n @Embedded val playlist: Playlist,\n @Relation(\n parentColumn = \"playlistId\",\n entityColumn = \"songId\",\n associateBy = Junction(PlaylistSongCrossRef::class)\n )\n val songs: List\u003cSong\u003e\n )\n\n data class SongWithPlaylists(\n @Embedded val song: Song,\n @Relation(\n parentColumn = \"songId\",\n entityColumn = \"playlistId\",\n associateBy = Junction(PlaylistSongCrossRef::class)\n )\n val playlists: List\u003cPlaylist\u003e\n )\n\n### Java\n\n public class PlaylistWithSongs {\n @Embedded public Playlist playlist;\n @Relation(\n parentColumn = \"playlistId\",\n entityColumn = \"songId\",\n associateBy = @Junction(PlaylistSongCrossref.class)\n )\n public List\u003cSong\u003e songs;\n }\n\n public class SongWithPlaylists {\n @Embedded public Song song;\n @Relation(\n parentColumn = \"songId\",\n entityColumn = \"playlistId\",\n associateBy = @Junction(PlaylistSongCrossref.class)\n )\n public List\u003cPlaylist\u003e playlists;\n }\n\nFinally, add a method to the DAO class to expose the query function your\napp needs.\n\n- `getPlaylistsWithSongs`: this method queries the database and returns all the resulting `PlaylistWithSongs` objects.\n- `getSongsWithPlaylists`: this method queries the database and returns all the resulting `SongWithPlaylists` objects.\n\nThese methods each require Room to run two queries, so add the\n[`@Transaction`](/reference/kotlin/androidx/room/Transaction) annotation to both methods so that the whole\noperation is performed atomically. \n\n### Kotlin\n\n @Transaction\n @Query(\"SELECT * FROM Playlist\")\n fun getPlaylistsWithSongs(): List\u003cPlaylistWithSongs\u003e\n\n @Transaction\n @Query(\"SELECT * FROM Song\")\n fun getSongsWithPlaylists(): List\u003cSongWithPlaylists\u003e\n\n### Java\n\n @Transaction\n @Query(\"SELECT * FROM Playlist\")\n public List\u003cPlaylistWithSongs\u003e getPlaylistsWithSongs();\n\n @Transaction\n @Query(\"SELECT * FROM Song\")\n public List\u003cSongWithPlaylists\u003e getSongsWithPlaylists();\n\n| **Note:** If the `@Relation` annotation does not meet your specific use case, you might need to use the `JOIN` keyword in your SQL queries to manually define the appropriate relationships. To learn more about querying multiple tables manually, read [Accessing data using Room\n| DAOs](/training/data-storage/room/accessing-data#query-multiple-tables)."]]