Android 16 面向开发者引入了一些出色的新功能和 API。以下部分总结了这些功能，可帮助您开始使用相关 API。
您还应查看平台变更可能会在哪些方面影响您的应用。如需了解详情，请参阅以下页面：
核心功能
Android 包含可扩展 Android 系统核心功能的新 API。
2025 年发布两个 Android API
- This preview is for the next major release of Android with a planned launch in Q2 of 2025. This release is similar to all of our API releases in the past, where we can have planned behavior changes that are often tied to a targetSdkVersion.
- We're planning the major release a quarter earlier (Q2 rather than Q3 in prior years) to better align with the schedule of device launches across our ecosystem, so more devices can get the major release of Android sooner. With the major release coming in Q2, you'll need to do your annual compatibility testing a few months earlier than in previous years to make sure your apps are ready.
- We plan to have another release in Q4 of 2025 which also will include new developer APIs. The Q2 major release will be the only release in 2025 to include planned behavior changes that could affect apps.
In addition to new developer APIs, the Q4 minor release will pick up feature updates, optimizations, and bug fixes; it will not include any app-impacting behavior changes.
We'll continue to have quarterly Android releases. The Q1 and Q3 updates in-between the API releases will provide incremental updates to help ensure continuous quality. We're actively working with our device partners to bring the Q2 release to as many devices as possible.
Using new APIs with major and minor releases
Guarding a code block with a check for API level is done today using
the SDK_INT constant with
VERSION_CODES. This will continue
to be supported for major Android releases.
if (SDK_INT >= VERSION_CODES.BAKLAVA) {
// Use APIs introduced in Android 16
}
The new SDK_INT_FULL
constant can be used for API checks against both major and minor versions with
the new VERSION_CODES_FULL
enumeration.
if (SDK_INT_FULL >= VERSION_CODES_FULL.[MAJOR or MINOR RELEASE]) {
// Use APIs introduced in a major or minor release
}
You can also use the
Build.getMinorSdkVersion()
method to get just the minor SDK version.
val minorSdkVersion = Build.getMinorSdkVersion(VERSION_CODES_FULL.BAKLAVA)
These APIs have not yet been finalized and are subject to change, so please send us feedback if you have any concerns.
用户体验和系统界面
Android 16 让应用开发者和用户可以更好地控制和灵活地配置设备，以满足他们的需求。
预测性返回更新
Android 16 adds new APIs to help you enable predictive back system animations in
gesture navigation such as the back-to-home animation. Registering the
onBackInvokedCallback with the new
PRIORITY_SYSTEM_NAVIGATION_OBSERVER allows your app to
receive the regular onBackInvoked call whenever the
system handles a back navigation without impacting the normal back navigation
flow.
Android 16 additionally adds the
finishAndRemoveTaskCallback() and
moveTaskToBackCallback. By registering these callbacks
with the OnBackInvokedDispatcher, the system can trigger
specific behaviors and play corresponding ahead-of-time animations when the back
gesture is invoked.
更丰富的触感反馈
Android has exposed control over the haptic actuator ever since its inception.
Android 11 added support for more complex haptic effects that more advanced
actuators could support through
VibrationEffect.Compositions of device-defined semantic
primitives.
Android 16 adds haptic APIs that let apps define the amplitude and frequency curves of a haptic effect while abstracting away differences between device capabilities.
性能和电池
Android 16 引入了一些 API，可帮助您收集有关应用的数据分析。
系统触发的性能分析
ProfilingManager 在 Android 15 中添加，让应用能够在现场使用 Perfetto 请求收集性能数据。不过，由于此性能分析必须从应用启动，因此应用很难或根本无法捕获启动或 ANR 等关键流程。
为此，Android 16 向 ProfilingManager 引入了系统触发的性能分析。应用可以注册接收特定触发器（例如冷启动 reportFullyDrawn 或 ANR）轨迹的兴趣，然后系统会代表应用启动和停止轨迹。轨迹完成后，结果会传送到应用的数据目录。
在 ApplicationStartInfo 中启动组件
ApplicationStartInfo 在 Android 15 中添加，可让应用查看进程启动原因、启动类型、启动时间、节流和其他实用诊断数据。Android 16 添加了 getStartComponent()，用于区分触发启动的组件类型，这有助于优化应用的启动流程。
更好的作业自省
The JobScheduler#getPendingJobReason() API returns a reason why a job
might be pending. However, a job might be pending for multiple reasons.
In Android 16, we are introducing a new API
JobScheduler#getPendingJobReasons(int jobId), which returns multiple
reasons why a job is pending, due to both explicit constraints set by the
developer and implicit constraints set by the system.
We're also introducing
JobScheduler#getPendingJobReasonsHistory(int jobId), which returns a list
of the most recent constraint changes.
We recommend using the API to help you debug why your jobs may not be executing, especially if you're seeing reduced success rates of certain tasks or have bugs around latency of certain job completion. For example, updating widgets in the background failed to occur or prefetch job failed to be called prior to app start.
This can also better help you understand if certain jobs are not completing due to system defined constraints versus explicitly set constraints.
自适应刷新率
Android 15 中引入的自适应刷新率 (ARR) 可让受支持硬件上的显示屏刷新率使用离散的 VSync 步长来适应内容帧速率。这不仅降低了功耗，还无需进行可能导致卡顿的模式切换。
Android 16 引入了 hasArrSupport() 和 getSuggestedFrameRate(int)，同时恢复了 getSupportedRefreshRates()，以便您的应用更轻松地利用 ARR。RecyclerView 1.4 在从快速滑动或平滑滚动中稳定下来时会在内部支持 ARR，我们将继续努力，将 ARR 支持添加到更多 Jetpack 库中。这篇帧速率文章介绍了许多可用于设置帧速率的 API，以便您的应用可以直接使用 ARR。
连接
Android 16 更新了平台，让您的应用可以使用通信和无线技术的最新进展。
使用增强型安全功能进行测距
Android 16 adds support for robust security features in Wi-Fi location on supported devices with Wi-Fi 6's 802.11az, allowing apps to combine the higher accuracy, greater scalability, and dynamic scheduling of the protocol with security enhancements including AES-256-based encryption and protection against MITM attacks. This allows it to be used more safely in proximity use cases, such as unlocking a laptop or a vehicle door. 802.11az is integrated with the Wi-Fi 6 standard, leveraging its infrastructure and capabilities for wider adoption and easier deployment.
媒体
Android 16 包含多种用于改进媒体体验的功能。
改进了照片选择器
The photo picker provides a safe, built-in way for users to grant your app access to selected images and videos from both local and cloud storage, instead of their entire media library. Using a combination of Modular System Components through Google System Updates and Google Play services, it's supported back to Android 4.4 (API level 19). Integration requires just a few lines of code with the associated Android Jetpack library.
Android 16 includes the following improvements to the photo picker:
- Embedded photo picker: New APIs that enable apps to embed the photo picker into their view hierarchy. This allows it to feel like a more integrated part of the app while still leveraging the process isolation that allows users to select media without the app needing overly broad permissions. To maximize compatibility across platform versions and simplify your integration, you'll want to use the forthcoming Android Jetpack library if you want to integrate the embedded photo picker.
- Cloud search in photo picker: New APIs that enable searching from the cloud media provider for the Android photo picker. Search functionality in the photo picker is coming soon.
隐私设置
Android 16 包含多种功能，可帮助应用开发者保护用户隐私。
健康数据共享更新
Health Connect in the developer preview adds ACTIVITY_INTENSITY, a new
data type defined according to World Health Organization guidelines around
moderate and vigorous activity. Each record requires the start time, the end
time and whether the activity intensity is moderate or vigorous.
Health Connect also contains updated APIs supporting health records. This allows apps to read and write medical records in FHIR format with explicit user consent. This API is in an early access program. If you'd like to participate, sign up to be part of our early access program.
Privacy Sandbox on Android
Android 16 incorporates the latest version of the Privacy Sandbox on Android, part of our ongoing work to develop technologies where users know their privacy is protected. Our website has more about the Privacy Sandbox on Android developer beta program to help you get started. Check out the SDK Runtime which allows SDKs to run in a dedicated runtime environment separate from the app they are serving, providing stronger safeguards around user data collection and sharing.