סוגי השירותים שפועלים בחזית

החל מ-Android 14 (רמת API 34), צריך להצהיר על סוג שירות מתאים לכל שירות שפועל בחזית. כלומר, אתם צריכים להצהיר על סוג השירות במניפסט של האפליקציה, וגם לבקש את ההרשאה המתאימה לשירות שפועל בחזית עבור הסוג הזה (בנוסף לבקשת ההרשאה FOREGROUND_SERVICE). בנוסף, בהתאם לסוג השירות שפועל בחזית, יכול להיות שתצטרכו לבקש הרשאות בזמן ריצה לפני שתפעילו את השירות.

מצלמה

要在清单中 android:foregroundServiceType 下声明的前台服务类型
camera
要在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA
要传递给 startForeground() 的常量
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA
运行时前提条件

请求并被授予 CAMERA 运行时权限

说明

继续在后台访问相机,例如支持多任务的视频聊天应用。

המכשיר המחובר

要在清单中的以下位置声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceType
connectedDevice
在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
要传递给 startForeground() 的常量
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE
运行时前提条件

必须至少满足以下其中一个条件:

说明

与需要蓝牙、NFC、IR、USB 或网络连接的外部设备进行互动。

替代方案

如果您的应用需要向外部设备持续传输数据,请考虑改用配套设备管理器。使用配套设备感知 API,可帮助您的应用在配套设备在范围内时保持运行。

如果您的应用需要扫描蓝牙设备,请考虑改用 Bluetooth Scan API

סנכרון נתונים

要在清单中声明的前台服务类型,位于
android:foregroundServiceType
dataSync
要在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC
要传递给 startForeground() 的常量
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC
运行时前提条件
说明

数据传输操作,例如:

  • 数据上传或下载
  • 备份和恢复操作
  • 导入或导出操作
  • 获取数据
  • 本地文件处理
  • 通过网络在设备和云端之间传输数据
替代方案

如需了解详情,请参阅数据同步前台服务的替代方案

בריאות

סוג השירות שפועל בחזית שצריך להצהיר עליו במניפסט בקטע
android:foregroundServiceType
health
הרשאה להצהרה במניפסט
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH
קבוע להעברה אל startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH
דרישות מוקדמות בסביבת זמן הריצה

לפחות אחד מהתנאים הבאים חייב להתקיים:

תיאור

תרחישים לדוגמה לטווח ארוך לתמיכה באפליקציות בקטגוריית הכושר, כמו מכשירי מעקב אחר אימונים.

מיקום

要在清单中的以下位置声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceType
location
在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION
要传递给 startForeground() 的常量
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION
运行时前提条件

用户必须已启用位置信息服务,并且应用必须至少获得以下一项运行时权限:

说明

需要位置信息使用权的长时间运行的用例,例如导航和位置信息分享。

替代方案

如果您的应用需要在用户到达特定位置时触发,请考虑改用 Geofence API

מדיה

要在清单中声明的前台服务类型,位于
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaPlayback
要在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
要传递给 startForeground() 的常量
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
运行时前提条件
说明

在后台继续播放音频或视频。在 Android TV 上支持数字视频录制 (DVR) 功能。

替代方案

如果您要显示画中画视频,请使用画中画模式

המדיה נמצאת בעיבוד

要在清单中的以下位置声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProcessing
在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
要传递给 startForeground() 的常量
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROCESSING
运行时前提条件
说明

用于对媒体资源执行耗时的操作(例如将媒体转换为其他格式)的服务。系统允许此服务运行的时间有限;在正常情况下,此时限为每天 24 小时中的 6 小时。(此限制由应用的所有 mediaProcessing 前台服务共享。)

在以下情况下,您的应用应手动停止媒体处理服务:

如果超时期限已到,系统会调用服务的 Service.onTimeout(int, int) 方法。此时,该服务有几秒钟的时间来调用 Service.stopSelf()。如果服务未调用 Service.stopSelf(),则会发生 ANR,并显示以下错误消息:“<fgs_type> 的前台服务未在超时时间内停止:<component_name>”。

注意Service.onTimeout(int, int) 不适用于 Android 14 或更低版本。在搭载这些版本的设备上,如果媒体处理服务达到超时期限,系统会立即缓存应用。因此,您的应用不应等待收到超时通知。相反,它应在适当情况下尽快终止前台服务或将其更改为后台服务。

הקרנת מדיה

要在清单中声明的前台服务类型,位于
android:foregroundServiceType
mediaProjection
要在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
要传递给 startForeground() 的常量
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
运行时前提条件

在启动前台服务之前,调用 createScreenCaptureIntent() 方法。这样做会向用户显示权限通知;用户必须授予权限,您才能创建服务。

创建前台服务后,您可以调用 MediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection()

说明

使用 MediaProjection API 将内容投影到非主要显示屏或外部设备。这些内容不必全都为媒体内容。

替代方案

如需将媒体内容流式传输到其他设备,请使用 Google Cast SDK

מיקרופון

要在清单中声明的前台服务类型,位于
android:foregroundServiceType
microphone
要在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE
要传递给 startForeground() 的常量
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE
运行时前提条件

请求并被授予 RECORD_AUDIO 运行时权限。

说明

在后台继续捕获麦克风内容,例如录音器或通信应用。

שיחת טלפון

要在清单中声明的前台服务类型,位于
android:foregroundServiceType
phoneCall
要在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL
要传递给 startForeground() 的常量
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL
运行时前提条件

必须满足以下至少一个条件:

  • 应用通过 ROLE_DIALER 角色成为默认的拨号器应用。
说明

使用 ConnectionService API 继续当前通话。

替代方案

如果您需要拨打手机、视频或 VoIP 电话,不妨考虑使用 android.telecom 库。

考虑使用 CallScreeningService 来过滤来电。

העברת הודעות מרחוק

要在清单中的以下位置声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceType
remoteMessaging
在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
要传递给 startForeground() 的常量
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING
运行时前提条件
说明
将短信从一台设备转移到另一台设备。在用户切换设备时,帮助确保用户消息任务的连续性。

שירות קצר

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
shortService
Permission to declare in your manifest
None
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Quickly finish critical work that cannot be interrupted or postponed.

This type has some unique characteristics:

  • Can only run for a short period of time (about 3 minutes).
  • No support for sticky foreground services.
  • Cannot start other foreground services.
  • Doesn't require a type-specific permission, though it still requires the FOREGROUND_SERVICE permission.
  • A shortService can only change to another service type if the app is currently eligible to start a new foreground service.
  • A foreground service can change its type to shortService at any time, at which point the timeout period begins.

The timeout for shortService begins from the moment that Service.startForeground() is called. The app is expected to call Service.stopSelf() or Service.stopForeground() before the timeout occurs. Otherwise, the new Service.onTimeout() is called, giving apps a brief opportunity to call stopSelf() or stopForeground() to stop their service.

A short time after Service.onTimeout() is called, the app enters a cached state and is no longer considered to be in the foreground, unless the user is actively interacting with the app. A short time after the app is cached and the service has not stopped, the app receives an ANR. The ANR message mentions FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE. For these reasons, it's considered best practice to implement the Service.onTimeout() callback.

The Service.onTimeout() callback doesn't exist on Android 13 and lower. If the same service runs on such devices, it doesn't receive a timeout, nor does it ANR. Make sure that your service stops as soon as it finishes the processing task, even if it hasn't received the Service.onTimeout() callback yet.

It's important to note that if the timeout of the shortService is not respected, the app will ANR even if it has other valid foreground services or other app lifecycle processes running.

If an app is visible to the user or satisfies one of the exemptions that allow foreground services to be started from the background, calling Service.StartForeground() again with the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE parameter extends the timeout by another 3 minutes. If the app isn't visible to the user and doesn't satisfy one of the exemptions, any attempt to start another foreground service, regardless of type, causes a ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

If a user disables battery optimization for your app, it's still affected by the timeout of shortService FGS.

If you start a foreground service that includes the shortService type and another foreground service type, the system ignores the shortService type declaration. However, the service must still adhere to the prerequisites of the other declared types. For more information, see the Foreground services documentation.

שימוש מיוחד

Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceType
specialUse
Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE
Constant to pass to startForeground()
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE
Runtime prerequisites
None
Description

Covers any valid foreground service use cases that aren't covered by the other foreground service types.

In addition to declaring the FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE foreground service type, developers should declare use cases in the manifest. To do so, they specify the <property> element within the <service> element. These values and corresponding use cases are reviewed when you submit your app in the Google Play Console. The use cases you provide are free-form, and you should make sure to provide enough information to let the reviewer see why you need to use the specialUse type.

<service android:name="fooService" android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse">
  <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE"
      android:value="explanation_for_special_use"/>
</service>

פטור ממערכת

要在其清单中声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceType
systemExempted
在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
要传递给 startForeground() 的常量
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED
运行时前提条件
说明

为系统应用和特定系统集成预留,以便继续使用前台服务。

如需使用此类型,应用必须至少满足以下条件之一:

אכיפת המדיניות של Google Play בנוגע לשימוש בסוגים של שירותים שפועלים בחזית

If your app targets Android 14 or higher, you'll need to declare your app's foreground service types in the Play Console's app content page (Policy > App content). For more information on how to declare your foreground service types in Play Console, see Understanding foreground service and full-screen intent requirements.